abdominal anatomy
Overview While there are many muscles located in the lower leg, three are most well know. The muscles That make up the Calf - the gastrocnemius and soleus - are the most power muscles of the lower leg. The anterior tibial artery is on the front lower leg (related to shin splints). The Achilles tendon is located in the lower leg. Bones and Joints The Lower Leg is comprised of two long bones.
abdominal anatomy
The tibia is the larger of the two, and is located toward the middle of the lower leg (medially). The fibula is the Smaller bone and it is located on the outside of the lower leg (laterally). Muscles The lower leg is divided into four compartments That contain the Various muscles of the lower leg. The anterior compartment (the front of the shin) holds the tibilais anterior, the extensor digitorum longus, the extensor longus and the peroneus hallucus Tertius muscles.
abdominal anatomy
These muscles dorsiflex the foot and toes (pull the foot and toes upward). The tibialis anterior Also assists the foot turning inward. To feel these muscles contract, place your hand just to the outside of the tibia and pull the foot up. The lateral compartment is along the outside of the lower leg. It contains the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscles. These muscles pull the foot outward. They Also help with plantarflexion (pointing the foot).
abdominal anatomy
To feel these muscles contract, place your hand on the outside of your shin and turn your foot out. The posterior compartment holds the large muscles are most commonly know That as the Calf muscles (the gastrocnemius and soleus). Also it contains plantar muscle.
abdominal anatomy
The gastrocnemius is shorter, thicker and has two attachments (inner and outer). It is the most visible of the Calf muscles. The soleus lies underneath. These three muscles attach to the Achilles tendon. They all aid with plantarflexion. The deep posterior compartment is deep Within the back of the lower leg. They are the tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor longus hallucus. Posterior tibial pulls the foot inward, flexor digitorum longus flexes the toes, and flexor hallucus longus flexes the big toe. All three aide in plantarflexion.
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abdominal anatomy
GIST Support International asked questions about stomach lining to Christopher Windham, MD FACS. Dr. Windham was previously with Surgical Oncology Sarcoma Program of H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute in Tampa, Florida. While at Moffitt, Dr. Windham has also served as Assistant Professor of Oncology and Surgery at the University of South Florida. When Dr. Windham head Center at Florida Hospital Cancer Institute Cancer Care in Daytona Beach, Florida. His clinical practice includes the soft-tissue sarcoma with special interest in retroperitoneal sarcomas. He often operated on patients with GIST. Dr. Windham is also currently teaches as an Assistant Professor of Clinical Surgery at Florida State University College of Medicine. Dr. Windham work has been published in various journals and has authored a textbook chapter on soft tissue sarcomas. You can see one of his online paper in the journal Moffitt Cancer Center, Cancer Control.
Here is a response to a question Dr Windham GSI's.
abdominal anatomy
1. Can you explain the spatial and functional relationship of the peritoneum and mesentery to the abdominal organs?
Visualize the stomach as the shell is completely empty. Let us then imagine pouring rubber substance which creates a layer of this cavity continuously. We will determine this thin rubber liner as the peritoneum (see Figure 1). In fact, this is only a few millimeters thick membrane that has the ability to absorb fluid in the abdomen.
Figure 1. Slice through the abdomen shows the layers of the peritoneal cavity. (Slide graciously provided by Christopher Windham, MD).
Now let us imagine this push into the flexible layer, such as pushing your finger into a balloon (Figure 2). This causes the curve to be surrounded by peritoneum, and the structure of the resulting double-layer known as the mesentery, and the delay hurt the small intestine.
Figure 2. Mesentery of the small intestine. (Figure graciously provided by Christopher Windham, MD)
Among the peritoneal side of the mesentery, we found the fat tissue, blood and lymphatic vessels that support the intestine (Figure 3). This is important in providing a healthy blood supply to the intestines and the return of nutrients absorbed by the intestine into the circulation and lymphatic system. This in turn achieve your main circulation so that nutrients can be used to maintain the nutrient. mesentery also act to anchor the intestine into the body. In this case connects the intestines where the intestinal mesentery to the posterior muscle attachments.
Figure 3. Mesentery with blood vessels servin small intestine. (Figure graciously provided by Christopher Windham, MD)
We can now see the intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal regions. Areas in the peritoneum called intraperitoneal. Before we begin to put the organs in the abdomen, we need to clarify the boundaries of the abdominal cavity (Figure 4):
Superior (closest to the head) is defined by the diaphragm, respiratory muscles,
Posterior (back) is defined by the body wall muscles and spine,
Lateral / anterior (side / front) - formed by the abdominal muscles, and
Inferior (closest to the foot) limit established by the pelvic floor muscles.
Figure 4. Stomach viewed from the front of the body with the anterior chest and abdomen cut. This view illusrtates boundaries and retroperitoneal organs. Netter illustration used with permission from Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The organs contained in the peritoneal cavity is called intraperitoneal and including stomach, liver, gallbladder, part of the small intestine and most of the large intestine (transverse and sigmoid colon). Organ that is behind this structure is called the retroperitoneal (Figure 5). This includes the aorta (the artery that carries blood from the heart to the body), inferior vena cava (the vein that returns blood from the body largely returned to the heart), the first part of the pancreas small intestine (duodenum), adrenal gland, which rises and falls intestine , kidney, ureter (the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder), multiple sensory nerves to the abdominal wall (extended to the groin and upper leg), and the nerves that regulate bowel control and sexual function (both found in the pelvis from the retroperitoneum).